Merge PDF files
Solution 1:
You can use PyPdf2s PdfMerger class.
File Concatenation
You can simply concatenate files by using the append method.
from PyPDF2 import PdfFileMerger
pdfs = ['file1.pdf', 'file2.pdf', 'file3.pdf', 'file4.pdf']
merger = PdfFileMerger()
for pdf in pdfs:
merger.append(pdf)
merger.write("result.pdf")
merger.close()
You can pass file handles instead file paths if you want.
File Merging
If you want more fine grained control of merging there is a merge method of the PdfMerger, which allows you to specify an insertion point in the output file, meaning you can insert the pages anywhere in the file. The append method can be thought of as a merge where the insertion point is the end of the file.
e.g.
merger.merge(2, pdf)
Here we insert the whole pdf into the output but at page 2.
Page Ranges
If you wish to control which pages are appended from a particular file, you can use the pages keyword argument of append and merge, passing a tuple in the form (start, stop[, step]) (like the regular range function).
e.g.
merger.append(pdf, pages=(0, 3)) # first 3 pages
merger.append(pdf, pages=(0, 6, 2)) # pages 1,3, 5
If you specify an invalid range you will get an IndexError.
Note: also that to avoid files being left open, the PdfFileMergers close method should be called when the merged file has been written. This ensures all files are closed (input and output) in a timely manner. It's a shame that PdfFileMerger isn't implemented as a context manager, so we can use the with keyword, avoid the explicit close call and get some easy exception safety.
You might also want to look at the pdfcat script provided as part of pypdf2. You can potentially avoid the need to write code altogether.
The PyPdf2 github also includes some example code demonstrating merging.
PyMuPdf
Another library perhaps worth a look is PyMuPdf which seems to be actively maintained. Merging is equally simple
From command line:
python -m fitz join -o result.pdf file1.pdf file2.pdf file3.pdf
and from code
import fitz
result = fitz.open()
for pdf in ['file1.pdf', 'file2.pdf', 'file3.pdf']:
with fitz.open(pdf) as mfile:
result.insertPDF(mfile)
result.save("result.pdf")
With plenty of options, detailed in the projects wiki.
Solution 2:
Use Pypdf or its successor PyPDF2:
A Pure-Python library built as a PDF toolkit. It is capable of:
- splitting documents page by page,
- merging documents page by page,
(and much more)
Here's a sample program that works with both versions.
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
try:
from PyPDF2 import PdfFileReader, PdfFileWriter
except ImportError:
from pyPdf import PdfFileReader, PdfFileWriter
def pdf_cat(input_files, output_stream):
input_streams = []
try:
# First open all the files, then produce the output file, and
# finally close the input files. This is necessary because
# the data isn't read from the input files until the write
# operation. Thanks to
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6773631/problem-with-closing-python-pypdf-writing-getting-a-valueerror-i-o-operation/6773733#6773733
for input_file in input_files:
input_streams.append(open(input_file, 'rb'))
writer = PdfFileWriter()
for reader in map(PdfFileReader, input_streams):
for n in range(reader.getNumPages()):
writer.addPage(reader.getPage(n))
writer.write(output_stream)
finally:
for f in input_streams:
f.close()
output_stream.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
if sys.platform == "win32":
import os, msvcrt
msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdout.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)
pdf_cat(sys.argv[1:], sys.stdout)
Solution 3:
Merge all pdf files that are present in a dir
Put the pdf files in a dir. Launch the program. You get one pdf with all the pdfs merged.
import os
from PyPDF2 import PdfFileMerger
x = [a for a in os.listdir() if a.endswith(".pdf")]
merger = PdfFileMerger()
for pdf in x:
merger.append(open(pdf, 'rb'))
with open("result.pdf", "wb") as fout:
merger.write(fout)
How would I make the same code above today
from glob import glob
from PyPDF2 import PdfFileMerger
def pdf_merge():
''' Merges all the pdf files in current directory '''
merger = PdfFileMerger()
allpdfs = [a for a in glob("*.pdf")]
[merger.append(pdf) for pdf in allpdfs]
with open("Merged_pdfs.pdf", "wb") as new_file:
merger.write(new_file)
if __name__ == "__main__":
pdf_merge()
Solution 4:
The pdfrw library can do this quite easily, assuming you don't need to preserve bookmarks and annotations, and your PDFs aren't encrypted. cat.py is an example concatenation script, and subset.py is an example page subsetting script.
The relevant part of the concatenation script -- assumes inputs is a list of input filenames, and outfn is an output file name:
from pdfrw import PdfReader, PdfWriter
writer = PdfWriter()
for inpfn in inputs:
writer.addpages(PdfReader(inpfn).pages)
writer.write(outfn)
As you can see from this, it would be pretty easy to leave out the last page, e.g. something like:
writer.addpages(PdfReader(inpfn).pages[:-1])
Disclaimer: I am the primary pdfrw author.
Solution 5:
Is it possible, using Python, to merge seperate PDF files?
Yes.
The following example merges all files in one folder to a single new PDF file:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from argparse import ArgumentParser
from glob import glob
from pyPdf import PdfFileReader, PdfFileWriter
import os
def merge(path, output_filename):
output = PdfFileWriter()
for pdffile in glob(path + os.sep + '*.pdf'):
if pdffile == output_filename:
continue
print("Parse '%s'" % pdffile)
document = PdfFileReader(open(pdffile, 'rb'))
for i in range(document.getNumPages()):
output.addPage(document.getPage(i))
print("Start writing '%s'" % output_filename)
with open(output_filename, "wb") as f:
output.write(f)
if __name__ == "__main__":
parser = ArgumentParser()
# Add more options if you like
parser.add_argument("-o", "--output",
dest="output_filename",
default="merged.pdf",
help="write merged PDF to FILE",
metavar="FILE")
parser.add_argument("-p", "--path",
dest="path",
default=".",
help="path of source PDF files")
args = parser.parse_args()
merge(args.path, args.output_filename)