How to locate a file in Solution Explorer in Visual Studio 2010?

There's an option to track the active (open and viewed) item in the solution explorer. If the file is in view, the file in the solution explorer will be selected.

Tools->Options->Projects and Solutions->Track Active Item in Solution Explorer

VS2012 added a new command called SolutionExplorer.SyncWithActiveDocument. The default shortcut for c# is Ctrl+[,S

This command will navigate to the active file in the Solution Explorer.

Also, it seems that you need to have the "Track Active Item in Solution Explorer" option turned off.

With ReSharper installed Shift+Alt+L will find the current file in Solution Explorer in Visual Studio 2008+.