Creating temporary files in Android

This is what I typically do:

File outputDir = context.getCacheDir(); // context being the Activity pointer
File outputFile = File.createTempFile("prefix", ".extension", outputDir);

As for their deletion, I am not complete sure either. Since I use this in my implementation of a cache, I manually delete the oldest files till the cache directory size comes down to my preset value.

Best practices on internal and external temporary files:

Internal Cache

If you'd like to cache some data, rather than store it persistently, you should use getCacheDir() to open a File that represents the internal directory where your application should save temporary cache files.

When the device is low on internal storage space, Android may delete these cache files to recover space. However, you should not rely on the system to clean up these files for you. You should always maintain the cache files yourself and stay within a reasonable limit of space consumed, such as 1MB. When the user uninstalls your application, these files are removed.

External Cache

To open a File that represents the external storage directory where you should save cache files, call getExternalCacheDir(). If the user uninstalls your application, these files will be automatically deleted.

Similar to ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs(), mentioned above, you can also access a cache directory on a secondary external storage (if available) by calling ContextCompat.getExternalCacheDirs().

Tip: To preserve file space and maintain your app's performance, it's important that you carefully manage your cache files and remove those that aren't needed anymore throughout your app's lifecycle.

For temporary internal files their are 2 options

1.

File file; 
file = File.createTempFile(filename, null, this.getCacheDir());

2.

File file
file = new File(this.getCacheDir(), filename);

Both options adds files in the applications cache directory and thus can be cleared to make space as required but option 1 will add a random number on the end of the filename to keep files unique. It will also add a file extension which is .tmp by default, but it can be set to anything via the use of the 2nd parameter. The use of the random number means despite specifying a filename it doesn't stay the same as the number is added along with the suffix/file extension (.tmp by default) e.g you specify your filename as internal_file and comes out as internal_file1456345.tmp. Whereas you can specify the extension you can't specify the number that is added. You can however find the filename it generates via file.getName();, but you would need to store it somewhere so you can use it whenever you wanted for example to delete or read the file. Therefore for this reason I prefer the 2nd option as the filename you specify is the filename that is created.