Dealing with angry iron golems without a bow

Is there a way to make iron golems friendly again/return to their original state? One day in a village I was collecting wheat, and suddenly a villager stepped in front of me right as I was harvesting a stalk, and I accidentally punched the villager. Then the local iron golem came and started to attack me, so I ran into my house. I’m trapped inside because the golem is faster than me.

An iron golem works like the wolf in terms of aggresivity, so you should do the following.

1. Gather up 3-4 stacks of dirt or other scaffolding.
2. Break out of the house through the ceiling and pillar up 10-15 blocks.
3. While crouching, build your way out of the village until the village’s chunks don’t render anymore. The iron golem will not follow you outside the village limit because of it’s AI.
4. Get down safely.
5. Wait for at least 20 minutes. (IRL)
6. You can now re-enter the Village safley.

P.S. An alternative is quickly opening the door to your house, hitting the golem and closing it again. Rinse and repeat until dead.

I don't quite remember, but I believe that killing the Golem might affect Villager happiness. So your options are to either run away (as Detmondyou has suggested), die, or rebuild villager happiness after you have killed the golem.

In the case of dying to the Golem, the main concern is loss of inventory. You can either set your spawn by building a bed, sleeping, then going out the next morning and dying to the golem, or you can change the gamerules to allow you to keep your inventory upon death. To do this:

1. If you don't have cheats allowed in your game, open the game to LAN, and allow cheats
   • Pause > Open to LAN > Allow Cheats: True
2. In the chat, type: /gamerule keepInventory true (you can copy and paste it from here - the capital "I" is important).

Now, when you die, you will respawn in your spawn location with all of your inventory, and all your XP; and the Golem (having dealt with the threat) will no longer be aggro'd.

Note: if you use the "Open to LAN" option to allow cheats in game, this will be the case until you turn it off again by opening your game to LAN (it will automatically close each time you exit your game). You can also switch your gamerule back (if you wish) by setting it to false, with cheats allowed:

/gamerule keepInventory false