What are the Civilization V leader statuses?

Solution 1:

There is:

• Neutral - This is the default state.

• Friendly - This occurs when you're doing something that the leader likes, for example, Russia likes nations that have a large territory (and many cities), and Mongolia likes nations that have a large army). Friendly does not indicate that they have (or even would like) a declaration of friendship with you, it just means they probably won't be attacking you any time soon (unless they're planning on stabbing you in the back).

• Hostile - This occurs when you continuously do something that the leader does not like, for example you continue to build cities near their territory. This state does not mean you're at war, but it's generally a precursor to war.

• Guarded - This occurs after someone has publicly denounced you. It is pretty much meaningless, but it can cause them to become hostile if you continue to provoke them

• Afraid - This is fairly rare, I've only encountered it a few times, but it occurs sometimes when your army is much larger than the leaders army, and they feel that they might come under attack sometime soon. Most of the time they'll turn guarded or hostile instead, but if their army is sufficiently weak and they don't have enough allies, then they'll be afraid instead. It also occurs fairly randomly sometimes, with the best nation being afraid of you even though you're weaker, not sure why, although sometimes it could be because you're close to winning. Mostly it tends to occur for any of the above reasons after you sign a peace treaty with the other nation that was offered by them.

I'm yet to see any more statuses, but I've been playing a long time, so I don't think there are any more.

Solution 2:

I believe these are the possible statuses you can have with rival Civs:

• War
• Hostile
• Deceptive
• Guarded
• Afraid
• Friendly
• Neutral

This FAQ seems to list all the Civilizations and their tendencies towards each.