I see finite difference representations of derivatives. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/FiniteDifference.html

As an engineering-type, I think Wolfram does a crappy job for it.

I prefer a numerical methods text with good tables. http://amzn.com/0072431938 Try up in the 630's. 626 perhaps? I'm doing this from memory.

Proper derivation is done using sums of Taylor series approximations to the function.

Aha. Less bad. https://reference.wolfram.com/mathematica/tutorial/NDSolvePDE.html Check out the large table about 10% down the page.