Using an Alias column in the where clause in Postgresql
Solution 1:
I struggled on the same issue and "mysql syntax is non-standard" is not a valid argument in my opinion. PostgreSQL adds handy non-standard extensions as well, for example "INSERT ... RETURNING ..." to get auto ids after inserts. Also, repeating large queries is not an elegant solution.
However, I found the WITH statement very helpful (CTE's). It sort of creates a temporary view within the query which you can use like a usual table then. I'm not sure if I have rewritten your JOIN correctly, but in general it should work like this:
WITH jobs_refined AS (
SELECT
jobs.*,
(SELECT CASE WHEN lead_informations.state IS NOT NULL THEN lead_informations.state ELSE 'NEW' END) AS lead_state
FROM jobs
LEFT JOIN lead_informations
ON lead_informations.job_id = jobs.id
AND lead_informations.mechanic_id = 3
)
SELECT *
FROM jobs_refined
WHERE lead_state = 'NEW'
Solution 2:
You would need to either duplicate the case statement in the where clause, or my preference is to do something like the following:
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT
jobs.*,
(CASE WHEN lead_informations.state IS NOT NULL THEN lead_informations.state ELSE 'NEW' END) as lead_state
FROM
"jobs"
LEFT JOIN lead_informations ON lead_informations.job_id = jobs.id
AND lead_informations.mechanic_id = 3
) q1
WHERE (lead_state = 'NEW')
Solution 3:
MySQL's support is, as you experienced, non-standard. The correct way is to reprint the same expression used in the SELECT clause:
SELECT
jobs.*,
CASE
WHEN lead_informations.state IS NOT NULL THEN lead_informations.state
ELSE 'NEW'
END AS lead_state
FROM
jobs
LEFT JOIN lead_informations ON
lead_informations.job_id = jobs.id
AND
lead_informations.mechanic_id = 3
WHERE
lead_informations.state IS NULL