Derogatory word or idiom for city dwellers or people who aren't adapted to country/rural life
Solution 1:
Per Wikipedia:
City slicker
City slicker is an idiomatic expression for someone accustomed to a city or urban lifestyle and unsuited to life in the country. The term was typically used as a term of derision by rural Americans who regarded them with amusement.
Solution 2:
Townie is the obvious answer, but tourist or tripper often carry overtones of scorn and 'urban, squat and full of guile'. (I knew a young girl who, left in a car for half an hour, hid under the seat because she was afraid of the trippers.)
Solution 3:
I'd suggest,
[city] dude
dude
(hist. & dial.) a city dweller unfamiliar with life on the range; especially : an Easterner in the West
M-W
dude: a person who tries to dress like and talk like a cowboy, but really is a city person.
Transparent Language
They appeared to be dudes. Tenderfoots from back east. In the clear mountain air we could smell the new leather boots and scabbards holding their shiny new rifles.
Montana Misadventures
tenderfoot
: A tenderfoot is slang for an inexperienced person, particularly one who is not adapted to a rural or outdoor lifestyle (emphasis is mine.)
Wikipedia
"I'm one of those tenderfoots, you know, can't tell the difference between a coyote and wolf. Might not know the difference if I saw them, either."
The Shooter
greenhorn
a newcomer (as in a country) unacquainted with local manners and customs.
M-W
fudgie
A tourist to the northern lower, or eastern upper peninsula of Michigan, especially the Mackinac area. Often these tourists are from lower parts of Michigan, and are usually on vacation "up north". The name fudgie comes from the fact that many of these tourist like to spend lots of time in the many fudge shops in northern Michigan. Locals are generally not fond of fudgies, as they seem to have no small town driving abilities, and can sometimes be snobby or annoying. fudgies are identifiable by bright clothes, and the presence of cameras around their necks and the use of fanny packs. also, the use of shoes and sock at wholly inappropriate times, such as on the beach and the pronunciation "Mack-in-ack" are dead giveaways.
You don't have to use your blinker there! what the hell is he doing?
Calm down, it's just another fudgie.
Urban Dictionary
cheechako
A newcomer to Alaska, ignorant of the terrain, the weather, the animals, the culture, the necessary driving skills in the winter, etc. Opposite of a sourdough.
Urban Dictionary
[city] slick
slick
(n.) A term of address, generally applied to strangers, implying that the person addressed is slick in the sense of "sophisticated," but often used sarcastically.
(adj.) appearing expensive or sophisticated.
Lexic.us
drugstore cowboy
A person who dresses and acts like a cowboy but who has never worked as one and has none of a cowboy's skills or experience. Originally a reference to extras in Hollywood western films (who would remain in costume off set), it later extended to anyone who wears cowboy clothing purely for the purposes of style or affectation. Primarily heard in US, South Africa.
Farlex Dictionary of Idioms
The senator accused his challenger of being a drugstore cowboy—a city slicker who had no idea what it meant to live or work in the rural countryside.
Ngram