Does posting a review on Steam give me better recommendations?

I have no actual source for that other than Steam not mentioning it, but I'm certain that your reviews/recs have no impact on your own recommendations.

Steam itself says (when you're not logged in) your recommendations are influenced by

• what your friends are playing and what they have reviewed.
• games similar to what you've been playing. (your case)
• new content available for games you own.

I believe it would be impractical and falsify the results, if Steam would actually take your own reviews into account for your recs. The reviews you post are for one single game and granted that you own that one game already a new recommendation would make no sense. Also a review is for a single game, not for the genre of it. Only because you like or dislike that one game it would have little to no impact on the rest of the genre and you would probably still (not) play it.

Posting reviews still has a positive result, since they have an impact on the recs to your friends and games you hate are less likely recommended to them.

PS: While it may be possible to get less recommendations for additional content for games you've given a bad rating it's still possible, because this happened to me. So it's safe to assume that even there your own recs are not (or very little) influenced by your reviews. It's more helpful to not play those games than giving a bad review.