Change color of 2D plot line depending on 3rd value

Solution 1:

You can also do it with a trick which works with Matlab version anterior to 2014b (as far back as 2009a at least).
However, is will never be as simple as you expected (unless you write a wrapper for one of the solution here you can forget about plot(x,y,{'r','o','y','g','b'})).

The trick is to use a surface instead of a line object. Surfaces benefit from their CData properties and a lot of useful features to exploit color maps and texture.

Matlab surf does not handle 1D data, it needs a matrix as input so we are going to give it by just duplicating each coordinate set (for example xx=[x,x]).
Don't worry though, the surface will stay as thin as a line, so the end result is not ugly.

%% // your data
M=[140400 70.7850 1
 140401 70.7923 2
 140402 70.7993 3
 140403 70.8067 4
 140404 70.8139 5
 140405 70.8212 3];

x = M(:,1) ; %// extract "X" column
y = M(:,2) ; %// same for "Y"
c = M(:,3) ; %// extract color index for the custom colormap

%% // define your custom colormap
custom_colormap = [
    1  0 0 ; ... %// red
    1 .5 0 ; ... %// orange
    1  1 0 ; ... %// yellow
    0  1 0 ; ... %// green
    0  0 1 ; ... %// blue
    ] ;

%% // Prepare matrix data
xx=[x x];           %// create a 2D matrix based on "X" column
yy=[y y];           %// same for Y
zz=zeros(size(xx)); %// everything in the Z=0 plane
cc =[c c] ;         %// matrix for "CData"

%// draw the surface (actually a line)
hs=surf(xx,yy,zz,cc,'EdgeColor','interp','FaceColor','none','Marker','o') ;

colormap(custom_colormap) ;     %// assign the colormap
shading flat                    %// so each line segment has a plain color
view(2) %// view(0,90)          %// set view in X-Y plane
colorbar

will get you:

As an example of a more general case:

x=linspace(0,2*pi);
y=sin(x) ;

xx=[x;x];
yy=[y;y];
zz=zeros(size(xx));

hs=surf(xx,yy,zz,yy,'EdgeColor','interp') %// color binded to "y" values
colormap('hsv')
view(2) %// view(0,90)

will give you a sine wave with the color associated to the y value:

Solution 2:

Do you have Matlab R2014b or higher?

Then you could use some undocumented features introduced by Yair Altman:

n = 100;
x = linspace(-10,10,n); y = x.^2;
p = plot(x,y,'r', 'LineWidth',5);

%// modified jet-colormap
cd = [uint8(jet(n)*255) uint8(ones(n,1))].' %'

drawnow
set(p.Edge, 'ColorBinding','interpolated', 'ColorData',cd)