How can I reprogram OSX to use Windows-style shortcuts for all operations?

The answer to my question is to use Karabiner along with their set of complex key modifications titled "PC-Style Shortcuts". You can also add modifications of your own by editing the ~/.config/karabiner/karabiner.json file.

The only shortcut I couldn't get working is using Alt+Shift to switch between input languages, but it's probably doable using more advanced scripting. I'm instead using Macs built-in language toggling using the Caps lock key. Top this off with Witch to enable Windows-style toggling between applications/windows and you get a full PC experience, completely customizable to your personal needs.

I agree with all the comments so far, your better off learning the Mac shortcuts. That being said, you can change a lot of shortcuts using the keyboard preferences:

Apple Menu > System Preferences > Keyboard > Shortcuts

Most of the finder an system shortcuts are in there. You can then create your own ones by selecting "App Shortcuts", click the + button, select the app you want to modify, enter the menu title and a shortcut. This happen live with the application open. Have a dig around, you'd be surprised how many tasks can be changed.

Remember also that the Mac uses gestures a lot. Sometime they are faster than keyboard shortcuts if you have a touchpad.

Apple Menu > System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Click the "Modifier Keys" button bottom right and swap the Alt/Option key and the Command key if needed.

You could also try Witch by ManyTricks