Prevent 100vw from creating horizontal scroll

If an element is set to width: 100vw; and there is a vertical scrollbar the width of the element will be equal to the viewport plus the width of the scrollbar.

Is it possible to prevent this?

Is it possible to prevent this without disabling horizontal scrolling on the entire page? Aside from changing my css/markup to make the element 100% of the body width I can't think of anything.

Tested in Chrome Version 43.0.2357.81 m & FF 36.0.1 & Opera 20.0.1387.91 on Windows 8.1

Here is the code as requested:

Example

html

<div class="parent">
    <div class="box"></div>
</div>
<div class="tall"></div>

css

body { margin: 0; }
html { box-sizing: border-box; }
*, *::before, *::after {
    box-sizing: inherit;
    position: relative;
}
.parent {
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, .4);
    height: 100px;
    width: 5rem;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
}

.box {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, .4);
    height: 50px;
    width: 100vw;
}

.tall {
    height: 100rem;
}

Basically the answer is no, if you have a vertical scrollbar there is no way to make 100vw equal the width of the visible viewport. Here are the solutions that I have found for this issue.

warning: I have not tested these solutions for browser support

tl;dr

If you need an element to be 100% width of the visible viewport(viewport minus scrollbar) you will need to set it to 100% of the body. You can't do it with vw units if there is a vertical scrollbar.

1. Set all ancestor elements to position static

If you make sure that all of .box's ancestors are set to position: static; then set .box to width: 100%; so it will be 100% of the body's width. This is not always possible though. Sometimes you need one of the ancestors to be position: absolute; or position: relative;.

Example

2. Move the element outside of non-static ancestors

If you can't set the ancestor elements to position: static; you will need to move .box outside of them. This will allow you to set the element to 100% of the body width.

Example

3. Remove Vertical Scrollbar

If you don't need vertical scrolling you can just remove the vertical scrollbar by setting the <html> element to overflow-y: hidden;.

Example

4. Remove Horizontal Scrollbar This does not fix the problem, but may be suitable for some situations.

Setting the <html> element to overflow-y: scroll; overflow-x: hidden; will prevent the horizontal scrollbar from appearing, but the 100vw element will still overflow.

Example

Viewport-Percentage Lengths Spec

The viewport-percentage lengths are relative to the size of the initial containing block. When the height or width of the initial containing block is changed, they are scaled accordingly. However, when the value of overflow on the root element is auto, any scroll bars are assumed not to exist. Note that the initial containing block’s size is affected by the presence of scrollbars on the viewport.

It appears that there is a bug because vw units should only include the scrollbar width when overflow is set to auto on the root element. But I've tried setting the root element to overflow: scroll; and it did not change.

Example

This is a more full-fledged approach to the bug since it still exists in modern browsers. Setting overflow-x: hidden can cause problems or be undesirable in many situations.

A full example is available here: http://codepen.io/bassplayer7/pen/egZKpm

My approach was to determine the width of the scroll bar and use calc() to reduce the 100vw by the amount of the scroll bar. This is a little more complicated because in my case, I was pulling the width of the content out from a box that had a defined with so I needed to declare the margin as well.

A few notes regarding the code below: first, I noticed that 20px seems to be a rather broad magic number for the scroll bars. I use a SCSS variable (it doesn't have to be SCSS) and code outside of @supports as a fallback.

Also, this does not guarantee that there will never be scroll bars. Since it requires Javascript, users that don't have that enabled will see horizontal scroll bars. You could work around that by setting overflow-x: hidden and then adding a class to override it when Javascript runs.

Full SCSS Code:

$scroll-bar: 20px;

:root {
    --scroll-bar: 8px;
}

.screen-width {
  width: 100vw;
  margin: 0 calc(-50vw + 50%);

    .has-scrollbar & {
        width: calc(100vw - #{$scroll-bar});
        margin: 0 calc(-50vw + 50% + #{$scroll-bar / 2});
    }

    @supports (color: var(--scroll-bar)) {
        .has-scrollbar & {
            width: calc(100vw - var(--scroll-bar));
            margin: 0 calc(-50vw + 50% + (var(--scroll-bar) / 2));
        }
    }
}

Convert the above to plain CSS just by removing #{$scroll-bar} references and replacing with the px value

Then this Javascript will set the CSS Custom Property:

function handleWindow() {
    var body = document.querySelector('body');

    if (window.innerWidth > body.clientWidth + 5) {
        body.classList.add('has-scrollbar');
        body.setAttribute('style', '--scroll-bar: ' + (window.innerWidth - body.clientWidth) + 'px');
    } else {
        body.classList.remove('has-scrollbar');
    }
}

handleWindow();

As a side note, Mac users can test this by going to System Preferences -> General -> Show Scroll Bars = Always

Using max-width attribute with width:100vw and it solved my problem.

Here's what i used.

.full{
     height: 100vh;
     width: 100vw;
     max-width: 100%;
    }

Basically what it does is it fixes the max width to the viewport so the horizontal scroll gets eliminated.

More @ https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_dim_max-width.asp

The max-width property defines the maximum width of an element.

If the content is larger than the maximum width, it will automatically change the height of the element.

If the content is smaller than the maximum width, the max-width property has no effect.

Paddings and borders can interfere. So can margin. Use box-sizing to calculate width including these attributes. And maybe remove margin (if any) from the width.

* {
    -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
    -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
    margin: 0; /* interferes with 100vw */
}
.parent {
    width: 100vw;
    max-width: 100%; /* see below */
}
.box {
    width: 100%; /* For those good old-fashioned browsers with no vw or calc() support */
    width: -webkit-calc(100vw - [your horizontal margin, if any]);
    width: -moz-calc(100vw - [your horizontal margin, if any]);
    width: calc(100vw - [your horizontal margin, if any]);
    max-width: 100%
}

It seems you have to add max-width: 100%; if there is a reflow which is causing the scrollbar to appear after the initial viewport width calculation. This does not seem to happen in browsers without an interfering scrollbar (iOS, OS X, IE 11 Metro), but can affect all other browsers.

I was also struggling with this, and I also thought of CSS variables as the solution. CSS variables aren't supported in IE11 though so I tried something else:

I fixed it by calculating the width of the scroll bar: subtracting the width of the body (not including scroll bar) from the width of the window (including the scroll bar). I use this to add it to the 100% of the body, see plusScrollBar variable.

JS:

    // calculate width of scrollbar and add it as inline-style to the body
var checkScrollBars = function() {
    var b = $('body');
    var normalw = 0;
    var scrollw = 0;
    normalw = window.innerWidth;
    scrollw = normalw - b.width();

    var plusScrollBar = 'calc(' + '100% + ' + scrollw + 'px)'
    document.querySelector('body').style.minWidth = plusScrollBar;
}();

CSS:

html{
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

Why I like this: it takes in consideration that not all scrollbars are the same width or considered as conserved space at all. :)

Prevent 100vw from creating horizontal scroll

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