How do I create a map from a list in a functional way?

Solution 1:

Use Iterator::collect:

use std::collections::HashMap;

fn main() {
    let tuples = [("one", 1), ("two", 2), ("three", 3)];
    let m: HashMap<_, _> = tuples.into_iter().collect();
    println!("{:?}", m);
}

collect leverages the FromIterator trait. Any iterator can be collected into a type that implements FromIterator. In this case, HashMap implements it as:

impl<K, V, S> FromIterator<(K, V)> for HashMap<K, V, S>
where
    K: Eq + Hash,
    S: HashState + Default,

Said another way, any iterator of tuples where the first value can be hashed and compared for total equality can be converted to a HashMap. The S parameter isn't exciting to talk about, it just defines what the hashing method is.

With this knowledge, you can also call FromIterator directly:

use std::collections::HashMap;

fn main() {
    let m: HashMap<_, _> = HashMap::from_iter([("one", 1), ("two", 2), ("three", 3)]);
    println!("{:?}", m);
}

See also:

• Collect iterators of length 2 into HashMap
• How do I create a HashMap literal?

what change should I make so that I get all the values with same key stored in a Vec?

There's no one-line / functional method for this in the standard library. Instead, use the entry API:

use std::collections::HashMap;

fn main() {
    let tuples = vec![("one", 1), ("two", 2), ("one", 3)];
    let mut m = HashMap::new();
    for (k, v) in tuples {
        m.entry(k).or_insert_with(Vec::new).push(v)
    }
    println!("{:?}", m);
}

If you found yourself doing this frequently, you could create your own type and implement FromIterator for it:

use std::{cmp::Eq, collections::HashMap, hash::Hash, iter::FromIterator};

struct MyCoolType<K: Eq + Hash, V>(HashMap<K, Vec<V>>);

impl<K: Eq + Hash, V> FromIterator<(K, V)> for MyCoolType<K, V> {
    fn from_iter<I>(tuples: I) -> Self
    where
        I: IntoIterator<Item = (K, V)>,
    {
        let mut m = HashMap::new();
        for (k, v) in tuples {
            m.entry(k).or_insert_with(Vec::new).push(v)
        }
        Self(m)
    }
}

fn main() {
    let tuples = vec![("one", 1), ("two", 2), ("one", 3)];
    let MyCoolType(m) = tuples.into_iter().collect();
    println!("{:?}", m);
}

See also:

• How to lookup from and insert into a HashMap efficiently?

Solution 2:

Since it wasn't already mentioned, here is a single line (albeit long) method:

use std::collections::HashMap;

fn main() {
   let m: HashMap<&str, u16> = [("year", 2019), ("month", 12)].iter().cloned().collect();
   println!("{:?}", m);
}

Or you can do a Trait:

use std::collections::HashMap;

trait Hash {
   fn to_map(&self) -> HashMap<&str, u16>;
}

impl Hash for [(&str, u16)] {
   fn to_map(&self) -> HashMap<&str, u16> {
      self.iter().cloned().collect()
   }
}

fn main() {
   let m = [("year", 2019), ("month", 12)].to_map();
   println!("{:?}", m)
}

https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html#examples