Superlative + noun + "possible": why does the adjective come after the noun?
Does someone happen to have an explanation or theory for why in phrases like "the best method possible" the word 'possible' comes after the noun?
Solution 1:
In English, adjectives normally precede their head, but other kinds of modifiers can follow:
the tallest person
but
the baby [which was] born on 11 June
(the 'which was' can be omitted).
A single adjective modifier cannot usually be placed afterwards, unless there is another modifier with an identifying function, in which case even a single adjective can move after:
the last man standing
the only site remaining
the best method possible
I think the construction requires that the two modifiers together are required to identify the individual (i.e. neither "the last man" nor "the man who is standing" would narrow it down). If the adjective precedes its head, as Sean says, it does not necessarily have this narrow meaning.
This doesn't answer "why" — few questions about language that ask "why" can be satisfactorily answered — but it gives some context.
Solution 2:
I do not think we have much evidence that the position of these adjectives is semantically determined. A few observations:
- Short adjectives/participles are less likely to come after the noun. — [Cf.
*"the only apple red was ...".] - It sounds a bit old fashioned with certain modifiers that nevertheless cannot come before the noun. — ["Apples so red that..." v.
*"so red apples that..."] - But it sounds neutral with other, similar ones. — ["Apples this red are rare."]
- I cannot think of an adjective-without-modifier that could occupy both positions but not in the same sentence.
- In absolute constructions, the participle or adjective must come late, or it would sound archaic. — ["Her father out of town, she decided to clean the house." / "Her father dead, she left the city." / "Her father brutally murdered, she..." / "Her father still holding a grudge, she decided..."]
- Where the adjective is modified by an adverbial constituent, late position seems compulsory, even with adjectives that cannot normally come late. [Cf.
*"the fresh from the market apples".]
On this I base four tentative hypotheses:
As an adjective has more verb-like characteristics, i.e. it behaves in some ways like a participle or relative clause, it is more likely to come after. The English/Latinate suffix -able/-ble is a good example. Adverbs have an inherent verbal aspect as well: they are unfit to modify a noun unless we imagine some implicit verb to carry them ("the people [being / who are] here are insane"). I could speculate and suggest that it might have something to do with a predicative function on a subordinate level.
Late position may be (partly) motivated by (syntactical) balance inversion; that is, longer adjectives are more likely to come after the noun.
If an adjective has a modifier that comes after it, the adjective phrase must come after the noun. This is probably related to balance inversion. — ["Apples fresh from the market."]
There is a limited class of inherited expressions with fixed late position, like Secretary General and heir apparent. It may be that those were all formed under the influence of foreign languages, such as French, where late position is the norm, or it may have been more common in older English, or both.
Solution 3:
In all of the examples given, the first adjective is either a comparative or an adjective like only or single, which restricts the number of possibilities to one, and it is possible to put a restrictive that is or who is in between the noun and the following adjective.
the best method (that is) possible
the sexiest man (that is) alive
the best data (that is) available
the most bizarre life (that is) imaginable
the last man (who is) standing
the only person (who is) present
the single feasible option (that is) remaining
What is happening is that a very short clause is being shortened to a single word.
This doesn't explain why you can't say the only apple red, since the only apple that is red works fine. English has a lot of different semantic classes of adjectives (see adjective order) and my supposition would be that it only works for some of these classes. It certainly doesn't work for size, color, or age adjectives.
Solution 4:
To me, "the best method possible" means "among the methods that are possible, the one which is most good." I assume you are comparing to "the best possible method" which means to me "the method which is as good as any method can be".
If I want to get to Australia quickly, the best method possible is probably an aircraft. The best possible method is a teleporter.
Does anyone agree with that? I must say both are nearly interchangeable to my ears.