Solution 1:

I've been having the same problem since about a week after upgrading to 13.04.

Found a related bug here on Launchpad.

Please tell Launchpad that the bug affects you! :)

Workaround found here: How to connect to wpa2 enterprise mschapv2?

Remove

system-ca-cert=true

from the configuration file found in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/

Wireless works again after removing this!

Solution 2:

This is rather old now, but I was having a similar issue, and I also did not have the system-ca-certs=true line in my network configuration. I resolved the issue temporarily by issuing

killall wpa-supplicant

I don't know why this works, but it does. This answer originated here, with little explanation.