How to reinstall newest Linux Kernel?

Run the following command in a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T):

dpkg -l | grep linux-image-.*-generic

Look for the kernel version you want to reinstall then run:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-3.X.Y-ZZ-generic

Of course, you must type the actual kernel version (e.g. linux-image-3.8.0-21-generic) instead of linux-image-3.X.Y-ZZ-generic.