ruby 1.9: invalid byte sequence in UTF-8

I'm writing a crawler in Ruby (1.9) that consumes lots of HTML from a lot of random sites.
When trying to extract links, I decided to just use .scan(/href="(.*?)"/i) instead of nokogiri/hpricot (major speedup). The problem is that I now receive a lot of "invalid byte sequence in UTF-8" errors.
From what I understood, the net/http library doesn't have any encoding specific options and the stuff that comes in is basically not properly tagged.
What would be the best way to actually work with that incoming data? I tried .encode with the replace and invalid options set, but no success so far...

Solution 1:

In Ruby 1.9.3 it is possible to use String.encode to "ignore" the invalid UTF-8 sequences. Here is a snippet that will work both in 1.8 (iconv) and 1.9 (String#encode) :

require 'iconv' unless String.method_defined?(:encode)
if String.method_defined?(:encode)
  file_contents.encode!('UTF-8', 'UTF-8', :invalid => :replace)
else
  ic = Iconv.new('UTF-8', 'UTF-8//IGNORE')
  file_contents = ic.iconv(file_contents)
end

or if you have really troublesome input you can do a double conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16 and back to UTF-8:

require 'iconv' unless String.method_defined?(:encode)
if String.method_defined?(:encode)
  file_contents.encode!('UTF-16', 'UTF-8', :invalid => :replace, :replace => '')
  file_contents.encode!('UTF-8', 'UTF-16')
else
  ic = Iconv.new('UTF-8', 'UTF-8//IGNORE')
  file_contents = ic.iconv(file_contents)
end

Solution 2:

The accepted answer nor the other answer work for me. I found this post which suggested

string.encode!('UTF-8', 'binary', invalid: :replace, undef: :replace, replace: '')

This fixed the problem for me.

Solution 3:

My current solution is to run:

my_string.unpack("C*").pack("U*")

This will at least get rid of the exceptions which was my main problem

Solution 4:

Try this:

def to_utf8(str)
  str = str.force_encoding('UTF-8')
  return str if str.valid_encoding?
  str.encode("UTF-8", 'binary', invalid: :replace, undef: :replace, replace: '')
end