CouchDB Document Update Handlers (in-place updates)

Solution 1:

The example function in-place is not the same as "in-place" updates in other databases. CouchDB still uses an append-only architecture; document update handlers still create a new doc revision, etc.

Still, update handlers are quite convenient and worth learning.

Suppose you have a document with an accumulator. You want to accumulate an integer in a document with just one HTTP query, specifying the increment amount using an amount parameter. Consider the following commands:

curl -X PUT http://localhost:5984/db
# Returns {"ok":true}

curl -H "Content-Type:application/json" -X POST http://localhost:5984/db/_bulk_docs -d @-
{"docs":
  [
    {"_id": "my_doc", "number": 23},
    {"_id": "_design/app",
      "updates": {
        "accumulate": "function (doc, req) {
                         var inc_amount = parseInt(req.query.amount);
                         doc.number = doc.number + inc_amount;
                         return [doc, \"I incremented \" +
                                      doc._id + \" by \" +
                                      inc_amount];
                       }"
      }
    }
  ]
}
# Returns [{"id":"my_doc","rev":"1-8c9c19a45a7e2dac735005bbe301eb15"},
#          {"id":"_design/app","rev":"1-83ec85978d1ed32ee741ce767c83d06e"}]

(Remember to press end-of-file, ^D, after the JSON object in the POST.)

Next confirm the document for accumulation (my_doc) exists:

curl http://localhost:5984/db/my_doc
# Returns {"_id":"my_doc","_rev":"1-8c9c19a45a7e2dac735005bbe301eb15",
#          "number":23}

Now you can call the accumulate update handler with an amount parameter to update the field.

curl -X PUT \
 http://localhost:5984/db/_design/app/_update/accumulate/my_doc?amount=15
# Returns: I incremented my_doc by 15

curl http://localhost:5984/db/my_doc
# Returns {"_id":"my_doc","_rev":"2-<whatever>",
#          "number":38}

Notice that the new number value is 38, the value of 23 + 15.

Solution 2:

Here is something I found very useful when playing with the above example. Once you've installed an update handler, you can use it to update the update-handler itself. For instance, if your update handler is in update.json, you could do the following:

curl --dump-header - -H "Content-Type:application/json" -X POST http://localhost:5984/db/_design/app/_update/modifyinplace/_design/app -d @update.json

where update.json contains:

{"_id": "_design/app",
    "updates": {
        "modifyinplace": "function (doc, req) { var fields = JSON.parse(req.body); for (var i in fields) { doc[i] = fields[i] } var resp = eval(uneval(doc)); delete resp._revisions; return [doc, toJSON(resp)]; }"
     }
}

A few things are noteworthy. The statement var resp = eval(uneval(doc)) clones doc. There is more information on cloning here. Since the _revisions field can get large, deleting it in the response makes sense for my use case. The use of toJSON(resp) sends back the response as a string, however, the value of _rev in a successful response will be wrong. To get the correct revision of a successful update, look at X-Couch-Update-NewRev in the response header. The update could very well not succeed and result in a conflict, as addressed here

CouchDB Document Update Handlers (in-place updates)

Solution 1:

Solution 2:

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