How do I make a volume mounted using sudo sshfs visible without sudo?

Create a mount point in your user's realm and mount it there:

mkdir -p ~/Shares/ssh_fs_5810 && sshfs dspitzer@dspitzer-5810:/home/CORP/dspitzer ~/Shares/ssh_fs_5810/

As an alternative you can add a sudo chown command after creating the mount point in your example (mounting to a subfolder of /Volumes):

... && sudo chown %user%:%group% /Volumes/ssh_fs_5810 ...

with %user%: dspitzer and %group%: staff (or admin - depends on your user privs).

The total command is then:

sudo mkdir -p /Volumes/ssh_fs_5810 && sudo chown dspitzer:admin /Volumes/ssh_fs_5810 && sshfs dspitzer@dspitzer-5810:/home/CORP/dspitzer /Volumes/ssh_fs_5810

Running this command for the very first time seems to be rocky sometimes. Connecting to the remote host via ssh first (to add the remote host to the known_hosts file) and/or adding two times sleep 0.5 in between may help.