fsck.ext4: How to force to check the whole file system?
Solution 1:
Try: fsck -pvcf -- will force a verbose check for bad blocks and automatically repair. If you still have issues then your HDD might have physical problems.
Solution 2:
On my machine, e2fsck -fv <ext4-device> takes a long while, about two to four minutes (the device is about 360 GiB full). So I assume it does a full check! I usually use e2fsck -vfp -C0 <ext4-device>, "-p" makes automatic fixing, "-C0" prints progress to stdout, and "-v" is for "verbose".