A single word for a person who suffers great loss
Solution 1:
How about "destitute"
Phillip was left destitute as a result of the flood./ Phillip is now a destitute.
There is also "ruined"
Philip suffered great loss due to the flood. He is now ruined.
or
"Devastated"
Solution 2:
"Victim" is often used for everything from natural disasters to diseases to financial ruin.
Solution 3:
I'd suggest:
- choker: an unfortunate person who is unable to perform effectively because of nervous tension or agitation.
- Victim: One who is harmed by or made to suffer from an act, circumstance, agency, or condition.