Can you blow enemies heads off in the campaign?
According to a video game gore website this is possible and World at War is the only Call of Duty game having head dismemberment (WW2 featured decapitation later in 2017).
From Wikia:
On occasion, when enemy's head is blown off, the enemy will shriek in agony for a few seconds after, even without a mouth/head to scream with.
Yes, you can (gruesome)!
I've successfully reproduced this multiple times on the same level, with the same gun, on PC (also Steam version).
When I played this years ago (as I stated in my comment), it was on the Xbox 360. I'm wondering if the console versions did not have head dismemberment included. I do remember limbs being dismembered from the console version however.