Minecraft 1.10 /testfor player manually breaking a specific block?
Set up an objective of the type you want, for example:
/scoreboard objectives add BreakDirt stat.mineBlock.minecraft.dirt
Then, on a clock and in this order, have the following commands:
/kill @a[score_BreakDirt_min=1]
/scoreboard players set @a[score_BreakDirt_min=1] BreakDirt 0
The first command kills anyone who has broken dirt, the second command sets their score back to 0 so they don't die repeatedly.