External hard drive slows down computer and makes processes freeze

I have a very odd issue with my external USB3 hard drive. Sometimes, I can use it with no problems, but sometimes it slows down the entire computer and freezes processes.

For example, spotlight might stop working, and if I kill it through the Terminal, no new spotlight process launches. And for example the dock might freeze, not responding to anything and just showing a beach ball when I put my mouse on it. Same thing with Finder.

Some things still work but the more I use the computer with the hard drive in, the more processes freeze, for example if I quit Safari I can't open it again. However, if I just unplug the cable suddenly every single process starts responding/working again instantly, with no problems.

I have tried to repair my hard drive through Disk Utility, but it finds no problems.

Solution 1:

This is a common issue with mechanical HDDs (non-SSD).

macOS sends a command to the external device (your HDD) but the device responds slowly. Some HDDs need to spin up in order to respond to the OS's request. Until the device is able to respond the OS may freeze.

To improve your system's performance try these steps:

• prevent HDD sleep. Spinning the HDD down may save some energy but it slows down your system as well.
• Disable Spotlight for the external drive. System Preferences > Spotlight > Privacy > "+". Select your external HDD and press "Choose".