How do I turn on the camera?

Solution 1:

There should be a switch labeled "AR" in the top right corner of the screen when catching Pokemon. Turn that switch on to use the camera.

Solution 2:

To enable the AR option to use the camera, go to:
Home > Settings App > Pokemon Go (usually at the bottom) and slide the switch tagged Camera from grey to green, close Pokemon GO from recently opened apps and open Pokemon GO back up.