What's the difference between <b> and <strong>, <i> and <em>?
They have the same effect on normal web browser rendering engines, but there is a fundamental difference between them.
As the author writes in a discussion list post:
Think of three different situations:
- web browsers
- blind people
- mobile phones
"Bold" is a style - when you say "bold a word", people basically know that it means to add more, let's say "ink", around the letters until they stand out more amongst the rest of the letters.
That, unfortunately, means nothing to a blind person. On mobile phones and other PDAs, text is already bold because screen resolution is very small. You can't bold a bold without screwing something up.
<b> is a style - we know what "bold" is supposed to look like.
<strong> however is an indication of how something should be understood. "Strong" could (and often does) mean "bold" in a browser, but it could also mean a lower tone for a speaking program like Jaws (for blind people) or be represented by an underline (since you can't bold a bold) on a Palm Pilot.
HTML was never meant to be about styles. Do some searches for "Tim Berners-Lee" and "the semantic web." <strong> is semantic—it describes the text it surrounds (e.g., "this text should be stronger than the rest of the text you've displayed") as opposed to describing how the text it surrounds should be displayed (e.g., "this text should be bold").
<b> and <i> are explicit - they specify bold and italic respectively.
<strong> and <em> are semantic - they specify that the enclosed text should be "strong" or "emphasised" in some way, usually bold and italic, but allow for the actual styling to be controlled via CSS. Hence these are preferred in modern web pages.
<strong> and <em> add extra semantic meaning to your document. It just so happens that they also give a bold and italic style to your text.
You could of course override their styling with CSS.
<b> and <i> on the other hand only apply font styling and should no longer be used. (Because you're supposed to format with CSS, and if the text was actually important then you would probably make it "strong" or "emphasised" anyway!)
Hope that makes sense.