Whose house is next to Nabstablook's house?

Solution 1:

The house next to Napstablook's belongs to Mettaton.

You can buy the Mystery Key from Bratty and Catty for 600G.

Also:

in the True Pacifist ending, you can wander around the game world after beating the last boss. Mettaton will be found hanging around outside his house in his Mettaton EX body.