Analytic continuation of a power series 2

Solution 1:

We have $f(z) = \sum_n a_n z^n$, where $a_n = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if}\ \exists k\ n = 2^k \\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$

i) The radius of convergence is given by $\frac{1}{R} = \limsup_n \sqrt[n]{a_n}= \lim_n \sqrt[2^n]{1} = 1$. Hence $R=1$, and $f$ is defined on $D$.

ii) $f(z) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty z^{2^n} = z+\sum_{n=1}^\infty z^{2^n} = z+\sum_{n=0}^\infty z^{2^{n+1}} = z+\sum_{n=0}^\infty (z^2)^{2^{n}} = z+f(z^2)$. It follows by induction that $f(z) = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} z^{2^k} + f(z^{2^n})$ for any $n$.

iii) Note that $\lim_{r \uparrow 1}f(r) = \infty$ (for $r$ real). If $w^{2^n} = 1$ ii) gives $f(rw) = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} (rw)^{2^k} + f(r^{2^n})$, and we have $\lim_{r \uparrow 1}|f(rw)| = \infty$. Let $\Omega_n = \{w| w^{2^n} = 1\}$, and $\Omega = \cup_n \Omega_n$. It is easy to see that $\Omega$ is dense in $\partial D$, and hence the set $\{z \in \partial D | \lim_{r \uparrow 1}|f(rz)| = \infty \}$ is dense in $\partial D$. Hence $f$ can not be continued in any neighborhood of any point in $\partial D$.