Find element by attribute

You can easily get this task accomplished with CSS.

The formula is:

element[attribute='attribute-value']

So if you have,

<a href="mysite.com"></a>

You can find it using:

By.cssSelector("a[href='mysite.com']");

this works using any attribute possible.

This page here gives good information on how to formulate effective css selectors, and matching their attributes: http://ddavison.io/css/2014/02/18/effective-css-selectors.html

I do not understand your requirement:

Assuming XPath is not an option ...

If this was just an incorrect assumption on your part, then XPath is the perfect option!

webDriver.findElements(By.xpath("//element[@attribute='value']"))

Of course you need to replace element, attribute, and value with your actual names. You can also find "any element" by using the wildcard:

webDriver.findElements(By.xpath("//*[@attribute='value']"))