iOS 10 remember to "not trust this computer"
Solution 1:
Unfortunately, iOS 10 cannot remember untrusted computers.
From Apple support document HT202778:
If you choose not to trust a computer, you block its access to content on your device. You'll see the trust alert every time that you connect your iOS device to that computer.
There is a way to avoid the dialog every time you connect — blocking the data connection while still allowing the USB power connection. You can do that with either (1) a so-called "USB condom" (SyncStop, Juice-Jack Defender, PortaPow) or (2) a "charge-only" Lightning cable.
Solution 2:
I know your question was for macOS, but a few of the other Windows related questions for doing this got erroneously marked as duplicates of this question.
Here are the steps for Windows 10:
Step #1. Connect your iPhone/iPad → Head over to the Control Panel.
Step #2. Click on Hardware & Sounds → Click and open Device Manager.
Step #3. In the Device Manager window, you should see a listing that has the name of your iDevice.
Step #4. Right click on iDevice’s name under "Portable Devices" and click on Properties.
Step #5. Click on the Hardware tab and then click on Properties → Go to the Driver tab → Click on Disable.
Source: Option #3 on this page https://www.igeeksblog.com/how-to-stop-trust-this-computer-message-in-ios-7-on-iphone-ipad/