Mountain Lion reinstall failure

I am trying to fix a Macbook Pro from around 2012/2013, the hard drive failed so I replaced it with a Sandisk 120GB SSD and I am trying to reinstall OS X Mountain Lion using Internet recovery.

Here's what I've done: installed SSD, connected power, Ethernet, booted into Internet Recovery using Command+R, formatted the disk using Disk Utility (Mac os Extended - Journaled), started re-install.

I starts out just fine:

But then it gets the bar filled, stalls there for long time and the it pops up with the message:

The error message is in Danish and translates to something like: "Can’t download the additional components needed to install Mac OS X". Does anybody know how to get fix this installation issue?

Edit: Attempted suggestion 3) by Keith

Using a Macbook Pro with OS Sierra I got an USB Boot disk created, ran disk utility and started the install, which after about half an hour stopped the installation with the message:

Which translates to something along the lines of "The installer payload failed signature check".

Edit: Hardware issue and solution

Turns out that something was wrong with the SATA/IR cable connecting the drive to the logic board. Installation succeeded when installing onto the harddrive connected via USB.

I then purchased a caddy and replaced the optical drive with the SSD inside the caddy. It now runs MacOS Sierra just fine.

It turns out that for some Macbook Pros, it is common for the internal SATA cable to start malfunctioning over time. The errors I experienced does not give a clear indication that this is the case but if others come across this thread and experience spurious installation errors then here are three different ways of getting a Macbook Pro running again:

1. Connect hard drive via USB/SATA, cost ~12$ and easy but cumbersome to have the drive dangling around, so mostly useful for debugging and determining that it is the internal SATA cable that is malfunctioning.

2. Connect hard drive via optical drive caddy, cost ~12$, installation guide https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/Installing+MacBook+Pro+13-Inch+Unibody+Early+2011+Dual+Hard+Drive/8529

3. Replace the internal SATA cable, cost ~40$, installation guide: https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/MacBook+Pro+13-Inch+Unibody+Mid+2012+Hard+Drive+Cable+Replacement/10379

Quick solution:

1. Install from USB drive with own power supply, seems not to work using usb stick.

Same solution with more text:

I had same issue on imac from mid 2009 with os x Lion. I was not able to boot from USB stick. I tried diffrent usb memory sticks but none work. However it worked with a harddrive with external power source. Then I was able to boot from USB.

I also found a lot of video guides with instructions on how to install the osx on the drives. Most of the guides had links to thiere own High sierra release (seems like this is the best option to use since it still gets updates and work with old macs). They also warned about other site might have virus in there releases, this made me got worried so I have my own release here(just joking its from the official apple site): http://updates-http.cdn-apple.com/2019/cert/061-39476-20191023-48f365f4-0015-4c41-9f44-39d3d2aca067/InstallOS.dmg (not sure why they didn't link to it). It also possible to get form apple store if you haven't removed everything on your disk.

Here are the instructions also: https://support.apple.com/sv-se/HT208202 (above link is also on the page to high sierra)