Is there a word for the concept of attributing genius to something simply because it's incomprehensible?
Say someone is a well-known, highly-praised academic figure who came out with an idea that was complete and utter nonsense, yet instead of dismissing it as BS, some folks insist the idea is brilliant and visionary precisely because it's incomprehensible.
In context, I have a character spouting off some vaguely pretentious-sounding amphigories in order to trick others into believing it is a valid piece of awe-inspiring genius.
Is there a word or even simply a shorter phrase to describe such a concept?
The OP asks for a single-word or concept which can account for the two different aspects of the situation described.
1) a term for “folks [who] insist [an] idea is so brilliant and visionary precisely because it's incomprehensible”
2) What to call vaguely pretentious-sounding amphigories, spouted in order to trick others into believing it is a valid piece of awe-inspiring genius?
User ermanen, has suggested The Genius Effect, a concept which astutely addresses the first aspect of this OP (see the link in comment below OP).
I offer a term for the second.
sophistry noun:
• the use of reasoning or arguments that sound correct but are actually false.
• a reason or argument that sounds correct but is actually false.
(Merriam-Webster online)
sophistry sophistry (n.) "specious but fallacious reasoning," mid-14c., from Old French sophistrie (Modern French sophisterie), from Medieval Latin sophistria, from Latin sophista, sophistes (see sophist). "Sophistry applies to reasoning as sophism to a single argument" [Century Dictionary].
(Wikipedia)
sophist (n.) "one who makes use of fallacious arguments," mid-15c., earlier sophister (late 14c.), from Latin sophista, sophistes, from Greek sophistes "a master of one's craft; a wise or prudent man, one clever in matters of daily life," from sophizesthai "to become wise or learned," from sophos "skilled in a handicraft, cunning in one's craft; clever in matters of everyday life, shrewd; skilled in the sciences, learned; clever; too clever," of unknown origin. Greek sophistes came to mean "one who gives intellectual instruction for pay," and at Athens, contrasted with "philosopher," it became a term of contempt.
Sophists taught before the development of logic and grammar, when skill in reasoning and in disputation could not be accurately distinguished, and thus they came to attach great value to quibbles, which soon brought them into contempt. [Century Dictionary]
(Wikipedia)
Since you have already given name to what the jargon-speaker is spouting-- "BS"-- you must be looking for a term for those gullible people who lap it up. Is that not:
credulity
tendency to believe readily
The adjective for a person exhibiting credulity is credulous, and it's a near cousin to gullible.
I know you're looking for a term that more specifically indicate these credulous people are specifically susceptible to becoming advocates of incomprehensible pseudoscience or jargon; that could simply be unskeptical, but that again stops short of someone who becomes a willful BS advocate. Maybe "enthusiastically credulous."
Unfortunately, the common idiom is:
drinking the Kool-Aid -
a figure of speech commonly used in North America that refers to a person or group holding an unquestioned belief, argument, or philosophy without critical examination.
... unfortunately because it refers to mass suicide.