What glasses can Dogmeat wear?
According to the Dogmeat page on Nukapedia, the only glasses Dogmeat can wear are Welding Goggles. That page also lists all the other pieces of apparel Dogmeat can equip.
The glasses you included in your initial picture look like Black-Rim Glasses, and also like Liam's Glasses. You could try these yourself if you'd like to check.
I know he can wear welding goggles, he has them on two of my characters. I think wrapparound goggles work as well but I may be misremembering, on mobile and can't test.