Convert a two byte UInt8 array to a UInt16 in Swift

With Swift I want to convert bytes from a uint8_t array to an integer.

"C" Example:

char bytes[2] = {0x01, 0x02};
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithBytes:bytes length:2];
NSLog(@"data: %@", data); // data: <0102>

uint16_t value2 = *(uint16_t *)data.bytes;
NSLog(@"value2: %i", value2); // value2: 513

Swift Attempt:

let bytes:[UInt8] = [0x01, 0x02]
println("bytes: \(bytes)") // bytes: [1, 2]
let data = NSData(bytes: bytes, length: 2)
println("data: \(data)") // data: <0102>

let integer1 = *data.bytes // This fails
let integer2 = *data.bytes as UInt16 // This fails

let dataBytePointer = UnsafePointer<UInt16>(data.bytes)
let integer3 = dataBytePointer as UInt16 // This fails
let integer4 = *dataBytePointer as UInt16 // This fails
let integer5 = *dataBytePointer // This fails

What is the correct syntax or code to create a UInt16 value from a UInt8 array in Swift?

I am interested in the NSData version and am looking for a solution that does not use a temp array.

Solution 1:

If you want to go via NSData then it would work like this:

let bytes:[UInt8] = [0x01, 0x02]
println("bytes: \(bytes)") // bytes: [1, 2]
let data = NSData(bytes: bytes, length: 2)
print("data: \(data)") // data: <0102>

var u16 : UInt16 = 0 ; data.getBytes(&u16)
// Or:
let u16 = UnsafePointer<UInt16>(data.bytes).memory

println("u16: \(u16)") // u16: 513

Alternatively:

let bytes:[UInt8] = [0x01, 0x02]
let u16 = UnsafePointer<UInt16>(bytes).memory
print("u16: \(u16)") // u16: 513

Both variants assume that the bytes are in the host byte order.

Update for Swift 3 (Xcode 8):

let bytes: [UInt8] = [0x01, 0x02]
let u16 = UnsafePointer(bytes).withMemoryRebound(to: UInt16.self, capacity: 1) {
    $0.pointee
}
print("u16: \(u16)") // u16: 513

Solution 2:

In Swift 5 or later you can convert the bytes [UInt8] to UInt16 value using withUnsafeBytes { $0.load(as: UInt16.self) }

let bytes: [UInt8] = [1, 2]

loading as UInt16

let uint16 = bytes.withUnsafeBytes { $0.load(as: UInt16.self) }    // 513 

To get rid of the verbosity we can create a generic method extending ContiguousBytes:

extension ContiguousBytes {
    func object<T>() -> T {
        withUnsafeBytes { $0.load(as: T.self) }
    }
}

Usage:

let bytes: [UInt8] = [1, 2]
let uint16: UInt16 = bytes.object()    // 513

And to access the bytes anywhere in the collection:

extension Data {
    func subdata<R: RangeExpression>(in range: R) -> Self where R.Bound == Index {
        subdata(in: range.relative(to: self) )
    }
    func object<T>(at offset: Int) -> T {
        subdata(in: offset...).object()
    }
}

extension Sequence where Element == UInt8  {
    var data: Data { .init(self) }
}

extension Collection where Element == UInt8, Index == Int {
    func object<T>(at offset: Int = 0) -> T {
        data.object(at: offset)
    }
}

Usage:

let bytes: [UInt8] = [255, 255, 1, 2]
let uintMax: UInt16 = bytes.object()      // 65535 at offset zero
let uint16: UInt16 = bytes.object(at: 2)  // 513   at offset two

Solution 3:

How about

let bytes:[UInt8] = [0x01, 0x02]
let result = (UInt16(bytes[1]) << 8) + UInt16(bytes[0])

With a loop, this easily generalizes to larger byte arrays, and it can be wrapped in a function for readability:

let bytes:[UInt8] = [0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04]

func bytesToUInt(byteArray: [UInt8]) -> UInt {
  assert(byteArray.count <= 4)
  var result: UInt = 0
  for idx in 0..<(byteArray.count) {
    let shiftAmount = UInt((byteArray.count) - idx - 1) * 8
    result += UInt(byteArray[idx]) << shiftAmount
  }
  return result
}

println(bytesToUInt(bytes))    // result is 16909060