Etymology of a strange sense of "kick", as in, "I'm on a Sailor Moon kick right now"

There's a reasonable progression from "getting a kick out of something" to "being on a Sailor Moon kick." This is through references to alcohol or drugs; here being on a kick could mean an extended period of using alcohol or drugs.

From James Jones' Here to Eternity (1951):

He had seen members of the Canned Heat Brigade stay on a kick like this for years. ... And they didnt even have whiskey; all they had had was canned heat from Woolworth's that they had to strain the alcohol out of the paraffin through a handkerchief and then strain the alky through a piece of stale bread.

This reference is right around the time when "being on an xxxxx kick" starts showing up in Google books searches.

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=kick

Meaning "surge or fit of pleasure" (often as kicks) is from 1941; originally lit., "stimulation from liquor or drugs" (1844).

that aside, I would expect you to be on "A Sailor moon high" and not on a kick

When someone says he or she gets a 'kick' from doing something, it is due to the extreme pleasure they get from the act, and as a result their body releases a bit of adrenaline into their system and they experience a kick from the extra energy.