Is there a more literary term for a "parallel" in a story?
Solution 1:
You may be referring to prefiguration, which is a typology primarily used in theology?
Typology in Christian theology and Biblical exegesis is a doctrine or theory concerning the relationship of the Old Testament to the New Testament. Events, persons, or statements in the Old Testament are seen as types pre-figuring or superseded by antitypes, events or aspects of Christ or his revelation described in the New Testament. For example, Jonah may be seen as the type of Christ in that he emerged from the fish's belly and thus appeared to rise from death.
Source: Wiki
Otherwise, foreshadowing is probably the closest match.
Solution 2:
Hmm. You could try the word consonant-- implying the motives or actions of the two characters are consistent and even harmonious.
From dictionary.com:
- in agreement; agreeable; in accord; consistent (usually followed by to or with ): behavior consonant with his character.
- corresponding in sound, as words.
- harmonious, as sounds.
Otherwise, like you said, the words parallel, resemble, correspond, or duplicate come to mind.