How to create generic protocols in Swift?

I'd like to create a protocol with a method that takes a generic input and returns a generic value.

This is what I've tried so far, but it produces the syntax error.

Use of undeclared identifier T.

What am I doing wrong?

protocol ApiMapperProtocol {
    func MapFromSource(T) -> U
}

class UserMapper: NSObject, ApiMapperProtocol {
    func MapFromSource(data: NSDictionary) -> UserModel {
        var user = UserModel() as UserModel
        var accountsData:NSArray = data["Accounts"] as NSArray     
        return user
    } 
}

Solution 1:

It's a little different for protocols. Look at "Associated Types" in Apple's documentation.

This is how you use it in your example

protocol ApiMapperProtocol {
    associatedtype T
    associatedtype U
    func MapFromSource(_:T) -> U
}

class UserMapper: NSObject, ApiMapperProtocol {
    typealias T = NSDictionary
    typealias U = UserModel

    func MapFromSource(_ data:NSDictionary) -> UserModel {
        var user = UserModel()
        var accountsData:NSArray = data["Accounts"] as NSArray
        // For Swift 1.2, you need this line instead
        // var accountsData:NSArray = data["Accounts"] as! NSArray
        return user
    }
}

Solution 2:

To expound on Lou Franco's answer a bit, If you wanted to create a method that used a particular ApiMapperProtocol, you do so thusly:

protocol ApiMapperProtocol {
    associatedtype T
    associatedtype U
    func mapFromSource(T) -> U
}

class UserMapper: NSObject, ApiMapperProtocol {
    // these typealiases aren't required, but I'm including them for clarity
    // Normally, you just allow swift to infer them
    typealias T = NSDictionary 
    typealias U = UserModel

    func mapFromSource(data: NSDictionary) -> UserModel {
        var user = UserModel()
        var accountsData: NSArray = data["Accounts"] as NSArray
        // For Swift 1.2, you need this line instead
        // var accountsData: NSArray = data["Accounts"] as! NSArray
        return user
    }
}

class UsesApiMapperProtocol {
    func usesApiMapperProtocol<
        SourceType,
        MappedType,
        ApiMapperProtocolType: ApiMapperProtocol where
          ApiMapperProtocolType.T == SourceType,
          ApiMapperProtocolType.U == MappedType>(
          apiMapperProtocol: ApiMapperProtocolType, 
          source: SourceType) -> MappedType {
        return apiMapperProtocol.mapFromSource(source)
    }
}

UsesApiMapperProtocol is now guaranteed to only accept SourceTypes compatible with the given ApiMapperProtocol:

let dictionary: NSDictionary = ...
let uses = UsesApiMapperProtocol()
let userModel: UserModel = uses.usesApiMapperProtocol(UserMapper()
    source: dictionary)

Solution 3:

In order to achieve having generics and as well having it declare like this let userMapper: ApiMapperProtocol = UserMapper() you have to have a Generic Class conforming to the protocol which returns a generic element.

protocol ApiMapperProtocol {
    associatedtype I
    associatedType O
    func MapFromSource(data: I) -> O
}

class ApiMapper<I, O>: ApiMapperProtocol {
    func MapFromSource(data: I) -> O {
        fatalError() // Should be always overridden by the class
    }
}

class UserMapper: NSObject, ApiMapper<NSDictionary, UserModel> {
    override func MapFromSource(data: NSDictionary) -> UserModel {
        var user = UserModel() as UserModel
        var accountsData:NSArray = data["Accounts"] as NSArray     
        return user
    } 
}

Now you can also refer to userMapper as an ApiMapper which have a specific implementation towards UserMapper:

let userMapper: ApiMapper = UserMapper()
let userModel: UserModel = userMapper.MapFromSource(data: ...)