Faction Membership Limits in Fallout 4

Are there any limitations to the faction memberships you can have in Fallout 4?

I'm brand-new to the Fallout universe, and just got to the point of being invited to the Brotherhood of Steel. However, I'm a bit concerned about their politics and how it may affect my standing with other factions I may encounter.

If I join the Brotherhood, will there be other factions that I can't join? Are there any other factions that have such limitations?

Note: I'm still not very far into the game, and not very familiar with the Fallout 4 universe in general, so please make liberal use of spoiler markdown in your answers. Essentially, the only things that need to be un-spoilered are Yes/No answers for the questions asked above.

Solution 1:

If I join the Brotherhood, will there be other factions that I can't join?

No.

Are there any other factions that have such limitations?

No, but they're not friendly with each other and you will be forced to choose in order to finish the game (contains spoilers).