Is there a way to target the arrow from an OP bow via command block?

Solution 1:

Target selectors do not support direct NBT data input. You must assign a label to the target using /scoreboard first, and then target the entity based on its label.

Prerequisites:

Objective to hold the value.

/scoreboard objectives add SpecialArrow dummy

Clock commands:

The following must be run in numerical order on a clock.

1. Assign a score based on the arrow's NBT data. Note that you must properly declare tag-types; in this case, "damage" has a tag-type of double, so you must include a decimal, while "inGround" has a tag-type of byte, so its value is appended with a "b". The command assigns a score of 1 if the arrow has a particular damage as well as not being in the ground.

   /scoreboard players set @e[type=Arrow] SpecialArrow 1 {damage:63.0,inGround:0b}
   

2. Perform the commands you'd like, targeting arrows with a SpecialArrow score of exactly 1.

   /execute @e[type=Arrow,score_SpecialArrow_min=1,score_SpecialArrow=1] ~ ~ ~ summon ThrownPotion ~ ~ ~ {Potion:{id:potion,Damage:8197}}
   

3. Afterwards, the score is set to 2 if that particular arrow is now in the ground.

   /scoreboard players set @e[type=Arrow] SpecialArrow 2 {damage:63.0,inGround:1b}
   

4. And finally, the /kill command, targeting based on score.

   /kill @e[type=Arrow,score_SpecialArrow_min=2]