Disable Steam notifications in-game only
Solution 1:
If you go in-game and do shift+tab, you get that odd overlay menu. in the friends pop-out there is your name, and a settings symbol next to it.
click it and you get a "friends light settings" menu
go to the Notification tab and uncheck everything
Solution 2:
It would appear that there is no way of disabling notifications in-game only, while still keeping the steam community enabled in-game.
Either notifications need to be turned off globally (View -> Settings -> Friends -> Uncheck all the "Display a Notification" check boxes), or the steam community needs to be disabled in-game in order to prevent me from receiving notifications in-game.