Is there a geometrical method to prove $x<\frac{\sin x +\tan x}{2}$?

let $$f(x)=\sin(x)+\tan(x)-2x$$ then $$f(0)=0$$ and $$f'(x)=\cos(x)+\frac{1}{\cos(x)^2}-2$$ and this can be written as $$f'(x)=\frac{(1-\cos(x))(1-\cos(x)^2)+\cos(x)(1-\cos(x))}{\cos(x)^2}>0$$


Here's a geometric argument, but it isn't as slick as some of the Calculus-based ones.

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Consider the unit circle about $O$, through $R$ and $S$, with $\theta = \angle ROS$. The perpendicular from $S$ to $\overline{OR}$ has length $\sin\theta$, while the perpendicular from $R$ up to $T$ on the extension of $\overline{OS}$ has length $\tan\theta$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $\overline{ST}$.

Then $$2\;|\text{area of sector}\;ROS| = \theta \qquad\text{and}\qquad 2\;|\triangle ORM| = \frac{1}{2}\left(\sin\theta + \tan\theta\right)$$

"All we need to do" is show that the triangle has more area than the sector. This seems pretty clear; after all, the triangle contains almost-all of the sector, except for the circular segment defined by $\overline{KR}$, where $K$ is the intersection of $\overline{RM}$ and the circle. There is a concern, though, that the excess area in the triangular region $KSM$ could be less than that of the tiny sliver of a circular segment for small $\theta$; we need to dispel that concern.

There's probably a simpler route to this, but I coordinatized and, with the help of Mathematica, found $$M = \left(\frac{1 + \cos\theta}{2}, \frac{\sin\theta (1 + \cos\theta)}{2 \cos\theta}\right)$$ $$K = \left(\frac{1 + 3 \cos\theta + 2 \cos^2\theta + 2 \cos^3\theta}{1 + 3 \cos\theta + 4 \cos^2\theta}, \frac{2 \sin\theta \cos\theta ( 1 + \cos\theta)}{1 + 3 \cos\theta + 4 \cos^2\theta}\right)$$ so that (after a bit more symbol-crunching) $$\frac{|\overline{MK}|}{|\overline{KR}|} = \frac{1 + 3 \cos\theta}{4 \cos^2\theta} = 1 + \frac{1 + 3 \cos\theta - 4 \cos^2\theta}{4 \cos^2\theta} = 1 + \frac{(1-\cos\theta)(1 + 4 \cos\theta)}{4 \cos^2\theta} > 1$$

for $0 < \theta < \pi/2$.

This says that $\overline{MK}$ is longer than $\overline{KR}$, so that we could reflect $R$ in $K$ to get $R^\prime$, and copy circular segment $KR$ as circular segment $KR^\prime$ inside $\triangle ORM$ yet tangent to the unit circle (and therefore outside of sector $ORS$).

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Consequently, the triangle definitely has more area than the sector, so we're done. $\square$