List view in Finder is broken
I had this problem following upgrades to Google Drive on 29 July 2016.
To fix it I had to
Change Google Drive settings to 'Show sync file status items and right click menu' (in Advanced tab)
Restart the Finder.
Of course the setting no longer worked, but you can see if you are synced from the Google Drive menu in the top bar.
Do you have Google Drive installed on your system?
I've been having the same issue for a couple of days now and I've been trying various things. I upgraded to OS X 10.9.5 (from 10.9.4), uninstalled and reinstalled TotalFinder, etc. But I could still execute a certain pattern of movements which would crash my Finder and Desktop.
But now as I was looking through the logs, I found something interesting in there.
2016/03/17 12:03:32.639 Google Drive[300]: 2016-03-17 12:03:32.638 Google Drive Icon Helper[11796:507] Inject result: 0
2016/03/17 12:03:32.665 Finder[11401]: Loading Google Drive Finder extension
2016/03/17 12:03:32.667 Finder[11401]: Pipe path is a symbolic link, connecting to target.
2016/03/17 12:03:32.667 Finder[11401]: ~/Library/Application Support/Google/Drive/GoogleDriveIpcPipe is a symbolic link to /var/folders/t4/jv71dmbs54zgq64md4_bw7h80000gn/T/tmpD5Ruy9, connecting to link target.
2016/03/17 12:03:37.612 Finder[11401]: Pipe path is a symbolic link, connecting to target.
2016/03/17 12:03:37.612 Finder[11401]: ~/Library/Application Support/Google/Drive/GoogleDriveIpcPipe is a symbolic link to /var/folders/t4/jv71dmbs54zgq64md4_bw7h80000gn/T/tmpD5Ruy9, connecting to link target.
2016/03/17 12:03:42.219 Finder[11401]: -[OverlayCache isPathInGdrive:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x7fe5aa65a500
2016/03/17 12:03:42.219 Finder[11401]: -[OverlayCache isPathInGdrive:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x7fe5aa65a500
2016/03/17 12:03:42.221 Finder[11401]: (
0 CoreFoundation 0x00007fff8c66325c __exceptionPreprocess + 172
1 libobjc.A.dylib 0x00007fff958d3e75 objc_exception_throw + 43
2 CoreFoundation 0x00007fff8c66612d -[NSObject(NSObject) doesNotRecognizeSelector:] + 205
3 CoreFoundation 0x00007fff8c5c1272 ___forwarding___ + 1010
4 CoreFoundation 0x00007fff8c5c0df8 _CF_forwarding_prep_0 + 120
5 FinderExt 0x0000000111de41f7 -[NSImageView(IconOverlayHandlers) IconOverlayHandlers_drawRect:] + 256
[...]
47 libdyld.dylib 0x00007fff8f3675fd start + 1
48 ??? 0x0000000000000001 0x0 + 1
)
2016/03/17 12:03:42.224 Finder[11401]: +[CATransaction synchronize] called within transaction
Google Drive Icon Helper does some icon injection right before Finder crashes because of the list view. And since I was beginning to be quite desperate, I decided to run killall Google\ Drive
through Terminal to see what would happen; I can no longer crash Finder and Desktop through the steps that crashed it before.
This being a rogue Google Drive Finder injection would also explain why I've been having this issue for roughly the same amount of time as you: Google Drive executes auto updates, so the broken update would be installed on our computers around the same time. Unfortunately I can't find any changelogs for the Google Drive OS X application, so I cannot actually verify if such an update has been pushed.
But if you don't have Google Drive installed, then perhaps this is not the actual fix for my Finder issues or my issue is separate from yours.