Analog of Cramer's conjecture for primes in a residue class
Let $q$ and $r$ be fixed coprime positive integers, $$ 1 \le r < q, \qquad \gcd(q,r)=1. $$ Suppose that two prime numbers $p$ and $p'$, with $p<p'$, satisfy $$ p \equiv p' \equiv r \ ({\rm mod}\ q), \tag{1} $$ and no other primes between $p$ and $p'$ satisfy $(1)$. Then we have the following
Naive generalization of Cramer's conjecture to primes in residue class $r$ mod $q$: $$ p'-p ~<~ \varphi(q)\,(\ln p')^2. \tag{2} $$
(PrimePuzzles Conjecture 77, A. Kourbatov, 2016). See arXiv:1610.03340, "On the distribution of maximal gaps between primes in residue classes" for further details, including the motivation for the $\varphi(q)$ constant. Here, as usual, $\varphi(q)$ denotes Euler's totient function.
Note: In the inequality $(2)$ we take the logarithm of the prime $p'$ at the larger end of the "gap". Very few counterexamples to $(2)$ are known; see Appendix 7.4 in arXiv:1610.03340. Definitely no counterexamples for $q=2, \ p<2^{64}$; also none for $1\le r < q \le 1000$, $ \ p<10^{10}$.
This conjecture (mostly in a less-naive "almost always" form) is mentioned in the following OEIS sequences listing maximal (record) gaps between primes of the form $p=qk+r$, $ \ \gcd(q,r)=1$: A084162, A268799, A268925, A268928, A268984, A269234, A269238, A269261, A269420, A269424, A269513, A269519.
Question 1: Find a counterexample to conjecture $(2)$.
Question 2: Find a counterexample to $(2)$, with prime $q$ and prime $r$.
Question 3: Find a counterexample to $(2)$, with $$ {p'-p \over \varphi(q)(\ln p')^2} > 1.1 \tag{3} $$ (A.Granville predicts that such counterexamples exist even for $q=2$, with the above ratio greater than $1.12$ -- more precisely, Granville expects that the ratio should exceed or come close to $2e^{-\gamma}$).
Question 4: Find a counterexample to $(2)$, with the additional condition $p'-p>q^2$.
Hint: Counterexamples are very rare. To find one, you will likely need to write a program and run it long enough. Good luck!
Here are two counterexamples.
(A) Take $q=1605$, $r=341$, and consider the primes $p=3415781$ and $p'=3624431$.
It is not difficult to check that $$ p \equiv p' \equiv r \ ({\rm mod} \ q), \tag{1} $$ and between $p$ and $p'$ there are no other primes satisfying $(1)$. We have $\varphi(1605)=848$, and the exceptionally large gap is $$ 3624431 - 3415781 = 208650 > \varphi(q) \cdot (\log3624431)^2 = 193434.64\ldots $$ (This only answers question 1.)
(B) Take $q=18692$, $r=11567$, and consider the primes $p=190071823$ and $p'=193978451. \ $ We check that $(1)$ holds for $p$ and $p'$ -- and for no other primes between $p$ and $p'$. We have $\varphi(18692)=9344$; our exceptionally large gap is $$ 3906628 = 193978451 - 190071823 > \varphi(q) \cdot (\log193978451)^2 = 3402811.2255\ldots $$ (This answers questions 1 and 3.)
As of December 2019, questions 2 and 4 are still open.