is it possible to direct connect a client and server with 10GBASE CX4 copper cables?

Solution 1:

Yes, it works perfectly fine without a switch. Give each system an IP on the same subnet.

I've run this setup with dual-port Intel CX4 10GbE cards between a VMware host server and a Sun x4540 storage unit.

Solution 2:

Check if your NICs support auto-MDIX. I think it is a required part of the 10GE standard but I couldn't verify that.