How to install a package inside virtualenv?

Solution 1:

Avoiding Headaches and Best Practices:

Virtual Environments are not part of your git project (they don't need to be versioned) !
They can reside on the project folder (locally), but, ignored on your .gitignore.
After activating the virtual environment of your project, never "sudo pip install package".
After finishing your work, always "deactivate" your environment.
Avoid renaming your project folder.

For a better representation, here's a simulation:

creating a folder for your projects/environments

$ mkdir venv

creating environment

$ cd venv/ 

$ virtualenv google_drive
New python executable in google_drive/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip...done.

activating environment

$ source google_drive/bin/activate

installing packages

(google_drive) $ pip install PyDrive
Downloading/unpacking PyDrive
Downloading PyDrive-1.3.1-py2-none-any.whl
...
...
...    
Successfully installed PyDrive PyYAML google-api-python-client oauth2client six uritemplate httplib2 pyasn1 rsa pyasn1-modules
Cleaning up...

package available inside the environment

(google_drive) $ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Oct 26 2016, 20:30:19) 
[GCC 4.8.4] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
>>> import pydrive.auth
>>>  
>>> gdrive = pydrive.auth.GoogleAuth()
>>>

deactivate environment

(google_drive) $ deactivate 

$

package NOT AVAILABLE outside the environment

$ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Oct 26 2016, 20:32:10) 
[GCC 4.8.4] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
>>> import pydrive.auth
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named pydrive.auth
>>>

Notes:

Why not sudo?

Virtualenv creates a whole new environment for you, defining $PATH and some other variables and settings. When you use sudo pip install package, you are running Virtualenv as root, escaping the whole environment which was created, and then, installing the package on global site-packages, and not inside the project folder where you have a Virtual Environment, although you have activated the environment.

If you rename the folder of your project...

...you'll have to adjust some variables from some files inside the bin directory of your project.

For example:

bin/pip, line 1 (She Bang)

bin/activate, line 42 (VIRTUAL_ENV)

Solution 2:

Create your virtualenv with --no-site-packages if you don't want it to be able to use external libraries:

virtualenv --no-site-packages my-virtualenv
. my-virtualenv/bin/activate
pip install ipython

Otherwise, as in your example, it can see a library installed in your system Python environment as satisfying your requested dependency.

Solution 3:

For Python 3 :

### install library `virtualenv`
$ pip3 install virtualenv

### call module `venv` with the name for your environment
$ python3 -m venv venv_name

### activate the created environment
$ source venv_name/bin/activate  #key step
    
### install the packages
(venv_name) user@host: pip3 install "package-name"