Past passive tense for smite without connoting infatuation, or an alternative

TL;DR: What is the past tense of smite in the passive voice? Is there an alternative word or series of words with the intended nuance?

I am trying to find an alternative to the past passive tense for smite that doesn’t have the connotation of love. For example:

I was smitten by the hand of justice.

instead of

Jimmy has been smitten with Carla. Cupid must have come early.

It seems that, at least in American vernacular, the majority of use is defined by Dictionary.com's 7th definition.

An alternative word all together would be acceptable as well. I am looking for a word that doesn't connote love to an average speaker, while indicating the gravity of the institution performing the smiting.

The context in which this discussion sprang up was a discussions about a role playing tabletop game (Pathfinder). In it, one of the divine spells is Holy Smite. We were trying to figure out how to talk about being on the business end of that spell in the past tense.

Understandably, it appears to have fallen out of common usage in all aspects in the last century (Google's Ngram Viewer).

Forgive my possible breach in protocol. This is my first post on this exchange.

Solution 1:

Smitten is correct in your example and shouldn't necessarily imply any love to educated readers.

Her voice just vibrating...like a smitten vase. — 1859 G. Meredith R. Feverel xxx.

A violation of sanctities,...a burning of smitten faces. — 1888 H. James Reverberator II. v. 122.

If this does not convince you, you could use smit instead, which is perhaps archaic but still in use as a past participle.

The spell of art fell upon him and he was smit by a consuming desire to paint. He abandoned his studies in Aligarh and managed to get admission into the famous J.J. School of Arts, Bombay in 1943. — 1971 Perspective, Volume 4

During our cross-continental camping trips of the seventies, my parents took me to the fort, a limestone redoubt arrowing into Lake Ontario, where I was smit with its seemingly cybernetic drill squad. — 2001 Ward McBurney, Sky Train: Stories from CBC's Fresh Air

To be complete, I list here all the various spellings of the past participle that the Oxford English Dictionary has. If it says "5–", that means "from the 15th century onwards", etc. The ones in bold are the only forms the Oxford English Dictionary still considered "in use" (albeit often archaically).

(a) 4 y-, 5 i-smyten; 4–6 smyten (4–5 -yn, 5 -on, -un); 3–5 smiten (4 -in, -on).

(b) 3 hii-, 3–4 y-, 3–5 i-smite; 4 i-, 4–5 y-smyte; 4 (6 arch.) smite; 4–5 (6 arch.) smyte.

(c) 4–5 i-smeten; 4–5 smeten, -yn, 5 -on.

(d) 4 i-, 5 y-smete; 4–5 smete, 5 smet.

(e) 4, 6– smitten, 5–6 smytten (5 -yn, 6 -yne, smyttin).

(f) 5–6 smytte, 5 i-smyt, 5–6 smyt(t; 4, 6– smit.

(g) 6–7 smot, 6–9 smote; 7 smotten.

Solution 2:

Smitten does indeed have connotations of love. So while "I was smitten by the hand of justice." is correct would be understood, it might get snickers.

I would use struck down instead.