Theorem of Arzelà-Ascoli
I think this question has been already been answered through the helpful comments. So thanks to Henno Brandsma and t.b.! This is just to finally tick it off.
My conclusion: It seems that $X$ being Hausdorff is rather a matter of convenience (maybe to avoid issues with the definition of local compactness for non-Hausdorff spaces, as pointed out in the comments), than a necessary condition.
Also this version of the theorem seems quite general enough for most uses.