Prove $\ell_1$ is first category in $\ell_2$

Solution 1:

Write $F_n:=\{x\in \ell^2,\sum_{j=1}^{+\infty}|x_j|\leq n\}$. Then $\ell^1=\bigcup_{n\geq 1}F_n$. $F_n$ is closed in $\ell^2$, as if $\{x^{(k)}\}$ is a sequence which lies in $F_n$ and converges to $x$ in $\ell^2$; we have for an integer $N$ that $$\sum_{j=1}^N|x_j|\leq\lim_{k\to\infty}\sum_{j=0}^N|x_j^{(k)}|\leq n,$$ which gives $x\in F_n$.

$F_n$ has an empty interior in $\ell^2$. Otherwise, if $B_{\ell^2}(x,r)\subset F_n$, then for each $y\in \ell²$, we would have $\frac{r}{2\lVert y\rVert_2}y+x\in F_n$, hence $\frac{r}{2\lVert y\rVert_2}y\in F_{2n}$. This gives that $\lVert y\rVert_1\leq C\lVert y\rVert_2$ for an universal constant $C$, which is not possible.