Question on lack of comma usage

My English teacher took some points off on a recent paper of mine based on improper comma usage, so I'm coming here for clarification. Here are the examples. The [x]'s indicate where the commas were deemed missing and I was marked down accordingly.

When I was younger[x] I skipped the superhero phase, and never really thought twice about it.

At this point[x] the character becomes ridiculous as he becomes a God.

I was under the impression that commas are generally used to indicate pauses in speaking, connect independent clauses, delimit lists, or signal appositives. For example, many authors and speakers may use commas more frequently than others to indicate many pauses in speaking, whereas others prefer a more rushed manner of speaking (Had I been in a more pensive mood, I may have included the commas, but my manner of thinking at the time felt the chosen method more accurately represented what I was attempting to depict.)

Is one wrong and the other not? Is my teacher correct? Are there set-in-stone comma rules that are to be consistently followed in order to be proper? If so, are only creative writers and authors allowed to break those rules?

Thanks for reading.

Solution 1:

With my personal writing style, I would have punctuated the first sentence as follows:

When I was younger, I skipped the superhero phase and never really thought about it twice.

Here, I chose to use a comma at the first juncture only and not before the 'and'. I used a comma here because the first clause adds context to the entirety of the sentence and there is no change in focus. If the tense of the sentence was changed partway, then your punctuating would be more understandable.

For example:

When I was younger I skipped the superhero phase, and I still haven't looked back.

Here the comma adds emphasis to the changing of focus of the sentence.

For the second case, I would have made a few more changes than just punctuation:

At this point, when a character becomes god-like, they appear ridiculous.

Here the "when a character becomes god-like" sub-clause acts as an explanation for the main clause "At this point they appear ridiculous". This feels less 'clunky', removing the repetition of "becomes" and the awkward placement of "as he".

Hope this helps.

Solution 2:

Every Standard English guide I have used to teach college composition classes deems the comma after an introductory phrase necessary while there has never been a rule in those guides that commas should be used in writing to indicate a pause. If your teacher is merely applying the agreed upon rules of Standard English, then he or she is correct. But if the class is Creative Writing, then you should be able to develop your own style which may or may not employ various punctuation rules. Some authors have chosen to use few to no punctuation marks with great success (Cormac McCarthy, for instance). However, your use of the word "proper" indicates to me that you are not in a creative writing class.