A word or phrase to describe documents that can expire

Solution 1:

While I can find no authority to support these, the terms time-limited and time-restricted seem to logically (and semantically) apply.

If you want a colloquial phrase, consider good through (or thru) and good until as adjectival phrases.

Solution 2:

  • Transient-lasting only for a short time, (temporary)
  • Transitory-not permanent
  • Temporary